Evidence examined by SJAC investigators demonstrates that these actions were not the result of an opportunistic subset of military actors; rather, those performing pillage had the consent and often direct instruction from their superiors to engage in such activities. Pillage has become so commonplace in the Syrian context that a new Arabic term, “ta’afish” (taken from the Arabic word for furniture/furnishings - ‘afash), was recently created to describe it. While the term now appears in Google Translate and other corpuses as “pillage” or “looting,” this term was created to reference Syrian-government led pillage during the Syrian conflict. Other parties to the conflict have also engaged in pillage, albeit to a lesser extent.